/* michaeljkram.com · blog.css. Blog posts, blog index, thank-you, cancel, privacy, terms, 404.
   Tokens and base type are copied from the home's inline :root (spec §5); keep the two in step. No GSAP on these pages:
   site.js does the masthead fold, the menu, the buy click and the contact address. */
:root{
  --paper:#F4F1E8;--paper-2:#ECE8DC;--paper-0:#FBFAF6;
  --ink:#141414;--ink-2:#2B2B2B;--ink-mute:#5E5B54;--rule:rgba(20,20,20,.14);--rule-strong:rgba(20,20,20,.3);
  --red:#C8302C;--red-deep:#A3231F;--red-wash:rgba(200,48,44,.08);
  --band:#141414;--on-band:#F4F1E8;--on-band-mute:rgba(244,241,232,.74);--on-band-rule:rgba(244,241,232,.2);
  --sh-1:0 1px 2px rgba(20,20,20,.06),0 18px 40px -24px rgba(20,20,20,.28);
  --sh-2:0 2px 6px rgba(20,20,20,.07),0 34px 70px -34px rgba(20,20,20,.42);
  --r:6px;--pill:999px;
  --f-display:'Oswald','Arial Narrow',sans-serif;
  --f-read:'Source Serif 4',Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;
  --f-ui:'Inter',system-ui,-apple-system,'Segoe UI',sans-serif;
  --ease:cubic-bezier(.625,.05,0,1);--ease-expo:cubic-bezier(.16,1,.3,1);
  --wrap:1200px;--measure:68ch;--gutter:clamp(1.25rem,4vw,3rem);--sec:clamp(4rem,9vw,7rem);--hdr:80px;
}
*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-padding-top:88px}
body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:400 1.0625rem/1.6 var(--f-read);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;overflow-x:clip}
@media (min-width:992px){body{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.65}}
img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}
a{color:inherit}
button,input,textarea{font:inherit;color:inherit}
h1,h2,h3,h4,p,figure,blockquote,ol,ul{margin:0}
h1,h2,h3,h4{font-family:var(--f-display);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.01em;overflow-wrap:break-word;text-wrap:balance}
p,li,dd,summary,label,td{overflow-wrap:break-word}
.sr-only{position:absolute!important;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}
.skip{position:absolute;left:1rem;top:-4rem;z-index:60;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:.6rem 1rem;border-radius:var(--r);font:600 .875rem var(--f-ui);transition:top .3s var(--ease)}
.skip:focus{top:1rem}
:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--ink);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:4px}
.wrap{width:100%;max-width:calc(var(--wrap) + 2 * var(--gutter));margin-inline:auto;padding-inline:var(--gutter)}
.narrow{max-width:calc(var(--measure) + 2 * var(--gutter))}
.center{text-align:center}
.h1{font-size:clamp(2.6rem,6.2vw,5.4rem);line-height:.98}
.h1-post{font-size:clamp(2.1rem,4.6vw,3.9rem);line-height:1.02}
h2,.h2{font-size:clamp(2rem,4vw,3.4rem);line-height:1.02}
.kicker{display:inline-block;position:relative;font:600 .75rem/1.3 var(--f-ui);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--red-deep);padding-bottom:.7rem;margin-bottom:1.1rem}
.kicker::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;width:2.5rem;height:2px;background:var(--red)}
.center .kicker::after{left:50%;margin-left:-1.25rem}
.lede{font-size:clamp(1.125rem,1.6vw,1.375rem);line-height:1.5;max-width:40ch}
.caption{font:400 .8125rem/1.5 var(--f-ui);color:var(--ink-mute)}
.oval{width:1.35em;height:.9em;flex:none;fill:currentColor}

/* buttons */
.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:.75rem;min-height:52px;padding:.5rem .55rem .5rem 1.4rem;border-radius:var(--pill);border:1.5px solid transparent;font:600 1rem/1.2 var(--f-ui);text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;text-align:left;
  transition:background-color .35s var(--ease),color .35s var(--ease),border-color .35s var(--ease),box-shadow .45s var(--ease),transform .45s var(--ease)}
.btn:active{transform:scale(.98)}
.btn-ico{display:inline-grid;place-items:center;width:36px;height:36px;border-radius:50%;flex:none;transition:transform .45s var(--ease)}
.btn-ico svg{width:16px;height:16px}
.btn:hover .btn-ico{transform:translateX(2px) scale(1.05)}
.btn-primary{background:var(--red);color:var(--paper);box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(20,20,20,.12),0 12px 24px -16px rgba(20,20,20,.45)}
.btn-primary .btn-ico{background:rgba(244,241,232,.16)}
.btn-primary:hover{background:var(--red-deep);transform:translateY(-1px)}
.btn-ghost{background:transparent;color:var(--ink);border-color:currentColor;padding-right:1.4rem}
.btn-ghost:hover{background:var(--rule);transform:translateY(-1px)}
.btn-sm{min-height:44px;padding:.4rem 1.1rem;font-size:.9375rem}
.btn-lg{min-height:60px;font-size:1.0625rem;padding-left:1.6rem}
.btn[aria-busy="true"]{cursor:progress;opacity:.86}
.btn-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.75rem;align-items:center}
.btn-row.center{justify-content:center}
.textlink{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.45rem;padding:.35rem 0;background:none;border:0;cursor:pointer;font:600 .9375rem/1.3 var(--f-ui);color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;text-decoration-color:var(--red);text-underline-offset:5px;transition:text-decoration-color .3s var(--ease)}
.textlink svg{width:16px;height:16px;transition:transform .45s var(--ease)}
.textlink:hover{text-decoration-color:currentColor}
.textlink:hover svg{transform:translateX(3px)}
.needs-js{display:none!important}
.js .needs-js{display:inline-flex!important}
.buy-msg{margin-top:.85rem;font:500 .9375rem/1.45 var(--f-ui);padding:.7rem .9rem;border:0;background:var(--red-wash);border-radius:var(--r);max-width:46ch}
.buy-msg a{font-weight:600}
.buy-msg[hidden]{display:none}

/* masthead (same as the home; site.js folds it) */
.mh{position:fixed;z-index:40;top:12px;left:0;right:0;padding-inline:var(--gutter);pointer-events:none}
.mh-bar{pointer-events:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;height:60px;width:100%;max-width:var(--wrap);margin-left:auto;margin-right:max(0px,(100% - var(--wrap)) / 2);padding:.4rem .4rem .4rem 1.1rem;border-radius:var(--pill);
  background:rgba(251,250,246,.86);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(14px) saturate(1.2);backdrop-filter:blur(14px) saturate(1.2);border:1px solid var(--rule);box-shadow:var(--sh-1);color:var(--ink);
  transition:max-width .5s var(--ease),margin-right .5s var(--ease),padding .5s var(--ease),gap .5s var(--ease)}
.mh-brand{display:flex;align-items:center;margin-right:auto;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);min-height:44px}
.mh-mark{width:26px;height:18px;max-width:0;opacity:0;fill:var(--ink);transition:max-width .5s var(--ease),opacity .3s var(--ease)}
.mh-word{font:600 1.25rem/1 var(--f-display);white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;max-width:var(--lk-w,14rem);transition:max-width .5s var(--ease),opacity .3s var(--ease)}
.mh-nav{display:none}
.mh-nav a{font:500 .875rem/1 var(--f-ui);text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink-2);padding:.7rem;border-radius:var(--pill);white-space:nowrap;transition:background-color .3s var(--ease)}
.mh-nav a:hover,.mh-nav a[aria-current]{background:var(--paper-2);color:var(--ink)}
.mh .btn-primary{flex:none}
.mh .btn .full{display:none}
.mh-menu{display:inline-grid;place-items:center;width:44px;height:44px;flex:none;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--paper-0);cursor:pointer;position:relative;transition:background-color .3s var(--ease),max-width .5s var(--ease),opacity .3s var(--ease)}
.mh-menu:hover{background:var(--paper-2)}
.mh-menu span{position:absolute;left:13px;right:13px;height:1.5px;background:var(--ink);border-radius:2px;transition:transform .45s var(--ease)}
.mh-menu span:first-child{transform:translateY(-4px)}
.mh-menu span:last-child{transform:translateY(4px)}
.mh-menu[aria-expanded="true"] span:first-child{transform:rotate(45deg)}
.mh-menu[aria-expanded="true"] span:last-child{transform:rotate(-45deg)}
.mh-panel{pointer-events:auto;position:absolute;top:70px;right:var(--gutter);width:min(340px,calc(100vw - 2 * var(--gutter)));max-height:calc(100svh - 100px);overflow-y:auto;background:var(--paper-0);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:14px;box-shadow:var(--sh-2);padding:.75rem;color:var(--ink);opacity:0;transform:translateY(-8px);transition:opacity .3s var(--ease),transform .45s var(--ease)}
.mh-panel.is-open{opacity:1;transform:none}
.mh-panel[hidden]{display:none}
.mh-panel a{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:.85rem .9rem;border-radius:10px;text-decoration:none;font:500 1.375rem/1.1 var(--f-display);transition:background-color .3s var(--ease)}
.mh-panel a:hover{background:var(--paper-2)}
.mh-panel a svg{width:16px;height:16px;color:var(--red)}
.mh.compact .mh-bar,.mh.is-expanding .mh-bar{min-width:fit-content}
.mh.compact .mh-bar{max-width:0;margin-right:0;padding-left:.85rem;gap:.4rem}
.mh.compact .mh-word{max-width:0;opacity:0}
.mh.compact .mh-mark{max-width:26px;opacity:1}
.mh.is-instant .mh-bar,.mh.is-instant .mh-bar *{transition:none!important}
@media (max-width:359px){.mh{padding-inline:.75rem}.mh-bar{padding-left:.85rem;gap:.35rem}.mh-word{font-size:1.05rem}.mh .btn-sm{padding-inline:.8rem;font-size:.875rem}}
@media (min-width:480px){.mh .btn .full{display:inline}.mh .btn .short{display:none}}
@media (min-width:992px){
  .mh-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.1rem;max-width:40rem;overflow:hidden;margin-right:auto;transition:max-width .5s var(--ease),opacity .3s var(--ease)}
  .mh-brand{margin-right:1rem}
  .mh-menu{max-width:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;border-width:0;pointer-events:none}
  .mh.compact .mh-nav{max-width:0;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:max-width .5s var(--ease),opacity .3s var(--ease),visibility 0s linear .5s}
  .mh.compact .mh-menu{max-width:44px;opacity:1;border-width:1px;pointer-events:auto}
}

/* simple pages (thank-you, cancel, privacy, terms, 404) */
.page{padding:calc(var(--hdr) + clamp(2rem,6vw,5rem)) 0 var(--sec)}
.page-head{margin-bottom:clamp(2rem,4vw,3rem)}
.page-head .lede{margin-top:1.1rem}
.panel{background:var(--paper-0);border:2px solid var(--ink);border-radius:var(--r);padding:clamp(1.25rem,3.5vw,2.25rem);box-shadow:var(--sh-1)}
.how{display:grid;gap:1rem;margin-top:1.5rem}
.how-card{background:var(--paper-0);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:var(--r);padding:1.25rem 1.35rem;box-shadow:var(--sh-1)}
.how-card h3{font-size:1.375rem;line-height:1.15;margin-bottom:.5rem;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.6rem}
.how-card h3 .oval{color:var(--red);width:18px;height:12px}
.how-card p{font:400 .9375rem/1.55 var(--f-ui);color:var(--ink-2)}
@media (min-width:768px){.how{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}}
.status-line{margin-top:1rem;font:500 .9375rem/1.5 var(--f-ui);color:var(--ink-2)}
.status-line[hidden]{display:none}
/* thank-you download card: capped, left-aligned with the H1; the emailed-to line sits inside under the button */
.panel-dl{max-width:640px}
/* stacked state on phones: the buttons stretch to the card width, like the home's hero ballot card */
@media (max-width:639px){
  .panel .btn-row{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}
  .panel .btn{width:100%;justify-content:space-between}
  .panel .btn-ghost{justify-content:center}
}
/* 404: the footer sits on the bottom edge, no paper band under it */
.page-fill{min-height:100vh;min-height:100svh;display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.page-fill > main{flex:1 0 auto}

/* ---------- article ---------- */
.post{padding:calc(var(--hdr) + clamp(2rem,5vw,4rem)) 0 var(--sec)}
.post-head{max-width:calc(var(--measure) + 2 * var(--gutter))}
.post-meta{margin-top:1.1rem;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.35rem 1.1rem;font:500 .8125rem/1.4 var(--f-ui);color:var(--ink-mute)}
.post-meta .dot{color:var(--red)}
.standfirst{margin-top:1.25rem;font-size:clamp(1.125rem,1.7vw,1.375rem);line-height:1.5;color:var(--ink-2);max-width:var(--measure)}
.post-hero{margin-block:clamp(2rem,4vw,3rem)}
.post-hero img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover;border-radius:var(--r);box-shadow:var(--sh-2)}
.post-hero figcaption{margin-top:.6rem}
.prose{max-width:var(--measure);margin-inline:auto}
.prose > * + *{margin-top:1.1em}
.prose h2{font-size:clamp(1.6rem,3vw,2.25rem);line-height:1.08;margin-top:2em}
.prose h3{font-size:clamp(1.3rem,2.2vw,1.6rem);line-height:1.15;margin-top:1.75em}
.prose h2 + *,.prose h3 + *{margin-top:.7em}
.prose a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration-color:var(--red);text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;text-underline-offset:3px;transition:text-decoration-color .3s var(--ease)}
.prose a:hover{text-decoration-color:currentColor}
.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-left:1.4em}
.prose ul{list-style:none;padding-left:1.75em}
.prose ul > li{position:relative}
.prose ul > li::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:-1.6em;top:.62em;width:.85em;height:.56em;border-radius:50%;background:var(--ink)}
.prose li + li{margin-top:.45em}
.prose ol > li::marker{font:600 .95em var(--f-display);color:var(--red-deep)}
.prose strong{font-weight:600}
.prose hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin-block:2.5em}
.prose blockquote{border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:var(--r);padding:.9em 1.2em;font-style:italic;color:var(--ink-2)}
.prose table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font:400 .9375rem/1.5 var(--f-ui)}
.prose th,.prose td{text-align:left;padding:.6rem .5rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);vertical-align:top}
.prose th{font-weight:600}
.prose code{font-size:.9em;background:var(--paper-2);padding:.1em .35em;border-radius:4px}
/* pull quote: the book's own line, set large, red rule above */
.pull{margin-block:2.25em!important;padding-top:1.1em;border-top:2px solid var(--red);font:600 clamp(1.4rem,2.6vw,1.9rem)/1.25 var(--f-read);letter-spacing:-.01em;color:var(--ink);text-wrap:balance}
.pull cite,.pull footer{display:block;margin-top:.8em;font:600 .75rem/1.4 var(--f-ui);font-style:normal;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-mute)}
.prose blockquote.pull{border:0;border-top:2px solid var(--red);border-radius:0;padding:1.1em 0 0;font-style:normal}
.prose > p:first-of-type::first-letter{all:unset} /* drop cap off on posts */

/* static buy card: the ballot box */
.buy-card{margin-block:2.5em!important;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:1.25rem;align-items:center;background:var(--paper-0);border:2px solid var(--ink);border-radius:var(--r);padding:clamp(1.1rem,3vw,1.75rem);box-shadow:var(--sh-1);font-family:var(--f-ui)}
.buy-card img{width:96px;border-radius:2px var(--r) var(--r) 2px;box-shadow:var(--sh-1)}
.buy-card h3,.buy-card .bc-title{font:600 1.375rem/1.15 var(--f-display);margin:0}
.buy-card p{font:400 .9375rem/1.5 var(--f-ui);color:var(--ink-2);margin-top:.4rem}
.buy-card .btn-row{margin-top:1rem}
.buy-card .bc-fine{margin-top:.6rem;font-size:.75rem;color:var(--ink-mute)}
@media (min-width:600px){.buy-card{grid-template-columns:96px minmax(0,1fr);gap:1.5rem}}

/* author box */
.author-box{max-width:var(--measure);margin:clamp(3rem,6vw,4.5rem) auto 0;padding:clamp(1.25rem,3vw,1.75rem);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:var(--r);background:var(--paper-2);font-family:var(--f-ui)}
.author-box .ab-name{font:600 1.5rem/1.1 var(--f-display)}
.author-box .ab-role{margin-top:.25rem;font:600 .75rem/1.4 var(--f-ui);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-mute)}
.author-box p{margin-top:.75rem;font:400 .9375rem/1.6 var(--f-ui);color:var(--ink-2)}
.author-box a{text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-color:var(--red)}

/* prev / next */
.pager{max-width:var(--measure);margin:clamp(2.5rem,5vw,3.5rem) auto 0;display:grid;gap:1rem;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-top:1.5rem}
.pager a{display:block;text-decoration:none;padding:.75rem 0;transition:color .3s var(--ease)}
.pager span{display:block;font:600 .75rem/1.4 var(--f-ui);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-mute);margin-bottom:.3rem}
.pager strong{font:600 1.2rem/1.2 var(--f-display)}
.pager a:hover strong{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--red);text-underline-offset:4px}
.pager .next{text-align:right}
@media (min-width:700px){.pager{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:2rem}}

/* related grid (and the blog index) */
.related{margin-top:var(--sec)}
.related-head{margin-bottom:1.75rem}
.cards{display:grid;gap:clamp(1.75rem,3vw,2.25rem)}
.card a{display:block;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;height:100%}
.card-media{border-radius:var(--r);overflow:hidden;aspect-ratio:16/9;background:var(--paper-2);box-shadow:var(--sh-1)}
.card-media img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .9s var(--ease)}
.card a:hover .card-media img{transform:scale(1.035)}
.card-date{margin-top:1rem;font:500 .75rem/1.3 var(--f-ui);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-mute)}
.card h3,.card h2{margin-top:.5rem;font-size:clamp(1.25rem,1.8vw,1.5rem);line-height:1.15}
.card a:hover h3,.card a:hover h2{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--red);text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-underline-offset:4px}
.card p.sf{margin-top:.5rem;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ink-mute)}
@media (min-width:768px){.cards{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}
@media (min-width:1024px){.cards{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}}

/* blog index: the first post as the lead (image), the rest as text rows (same pattern as the home's #blog) */
.feed{display:grid;gap:clamp(2rem,4vw,3rem)}
.card-lead .card-body{min-width:0}
.card-lead h2{margin-top:.5rem;font-size:clamp(1.75rem,3vw,2.6rem);line-height:1.05}
.card-lead p.sf{margin-top:.75rem;font-size:1.0625rem;max-width:44ch;color:var(--ink-2)}
.feed-rows{display:grid;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}
.card-row{border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}
.card-row:first-child{border-top-color:var(--ink)}
.card-row a{padding-block:1.4rem 1.6rem}
.card-row .card-date{margin-top:0}
.card-row h2{margin-top:.5rem;font-size:clamp(1.3rem,2vw,1.6rem);line-height:1.12}
.card-row p.sf{max-width:60ch}
@media (min-width:900px){
  .card-lead a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,7fr) minmax(0,5fr);gap:clamp(2rem,4vw,3.5rem);align-items:center}
  .card-lead .card-date{margin-top:0}
  .card-row a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:12rem minmax(0,1fr);gap:2rem;align-items:baseline;padding-block:1.75rem 1.9rem}
  .card-row h2{margin-top:0}
  .card-row .rt{display:block;margin-top:.4rem}
  .card-row .sep{display:none}
}

/* footer (ink) */
.foot{background:var(--band);color:var(--on-band);padding-block:clamp(3rem,6vw,4.5rem) 2.5rem;font:400 .875rem/1.55 var(--f-ui)}
.foot :focus-visible{outline-color:var(--on-band)}
.foot-grid{display:grid;gap:1.25rem}
.foot-brand{font:600 1.5rem/1 var(--f-display);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.6rem}
.foot-brand .oval{color:var(--red)}
.foot-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.25rem 1.5rem}
.foot-links a{display:inline-block;padding:.45rem 0}
.foot a{text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-color:var(--on-band-rule);transition:text-decoration-color .3s var(--ease)}
.foot a:hover{text-decoration-color:currentColor}
.foot-copy,.foot-credit,.foot-recaptcha{color:var(--on-band-mute)}
.reg{font-variant-emoji:text;font-family:inherit;font-size:0}
.reg::before{content:"\00AE";font-size:.875rem}
.foot-recaptcha{font-size:.75rem;max-width:60ch}
@media (min-width:900px){.foot-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;column-gap:3rem}.foot-links{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;align-self:center}}
.grecaptcha-badge{visibility:hidden}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*::before,*::after{animation-duration:.01ms!important;transition-duration:.01ms!important}}